Hip Dysplasia in Dogs: It's Not Just an Old Dog Disease

“He’s just slowing down because he’s getting older.” “She sits funny because she’s lazy.”

These are the lies we tell ourselves when we see our dogs struggling. But often, the truth is more painful: Hip Dysplasia.

Contrary to popular belief, this is not just an “old dog disease.” It is a genetic malformation that begins in puppyhood. Some dogs show signs as early as 4 months old.

In this guide, we will break down what hip dysplasia actually is (a square peg in a round hole), how to spot it early, and how to help your dog live a long, pain-free life without necessarily needing expensive surgery.

What is Hip Dysplasia?

The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint. Ideally, the ball (femur head) fits perfectly into the socket (acetabulum) like a smooth trailer hitch. They glide effortlessly.

In a dysplastic dog, the joint is loose. The ball doesn’t fit tight. It rattles around. This looseness (laxity) causes the bones to grind against each other. Over time, this grinding creates arthritis and bone spurs.

The Symptoms: It’s Not Always a Limp

Limping is a late-stage sign. Look for these early warnings:

1. The Bunny Hop: When running, does your dog lift both back legs at the same time, hopping like a rabbit? This is a classic sign they are trying to minimize hip extension.
2. The “Lazy” Sit: Does your dog sit “sloppy,” with legs kicked out to one side, rather than tucking them squarely underneath?
3. Hesitation: A pause before jumping into the car or climbing stairs.
4. Narrow Stance: Standing with back feet very close together to compensate for weak muscles.
5. Clicking: An audible “click” or “pop” from the hips when walking.

Who Gets It?

• Large Breeds: German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, Labs, Rottweilers, and St. Bernards are the poster children.
• Genetics + Environment: It is hereditary, BUT environment plays a huge role.
  • Rapid Growth: Puppies who grow too fast (overfed) are at higher risk.
  • Slippery Floors: Puppies raised on hardwood/tile struggle for traction, damaging developing joints.

The #1 Treatment: Weight Management

If your dog has bad hips, every single pound counts. Being overweight is catastrophic for a dysplastic dog. Fat releases inflammatory hormones that worsen arthritis. Keeping your dog “lean and mean” (seeing a waist, feeling ribs easily) is more effective than any pain pill.

Medical Management (Non-Surgical)

You can manage mild-to-moderate dysplasia for years with:

• Joint Supplements: Glucosamine, Chondroitin, and MSM. (Start these young!).
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: High-quality fish oil reduces inflammation.
• Adequan Injections: A vet-administered injection that helps repair cartilage.
• NSAIDs: Prescription pain relief (Carprofen/Galliprant) for bad days.
• Physical Therapy: Hydrotherapy (underwater treadmill) builds muscle without joint impact.

Surgical Options

If management fails, surgery is the next step.

• JPS (Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis): A minor surgery for puppies under 5 months that alters pelvic growth.
• FHO (Femoral Head Ostectomy): Removing the “ball” of the femur. The muscles hold the leg in place. Great for smaller dogs.
• THR (Total Hip Replacement): The gold standard. Replacing the entire joint with titanium. Expensive ($5k-$10k), but curative.

Summary

Hip dysplasia is a diagnosis, not a death sentence. With weight control, proper exercise (consistent walking, not weekend warrior sprinting), and early intervention, your dog can still run, play, and enjoy a full life.