The American Hairless Terrier (AHT) is a happy accident of nature, a unique twist in the canine genetic code that occurred right in the American South. In 1972, a hairless female puppy named Josephine was born into a litter of normal Rat Terriers in Trout, Louisiana. Unlike other famous hairless breeds (like the Chinese Crested or the Xoloitzcuintli), Josephine had no missing teeth, no skin issues, and carried no lethal genes. She was, for all intents and purposes, a perfectly healthy, standard Rat Terrier—just without a fur coat.

Her owners, Edwin and Willie Scott, realized they had something special on their hands. They fell in love with Josephine’s clean, warm skin and her lively personality. They decided to see if they could reproduce this unique trait. It wasn’t easy. It took several years and many litters to prove that the hairless trait was inheritable. Eventually, Josephine produced a litter with several hairless puppies, and the foundation for a new breed was laid.

Today, this breed is cherished by allergy sufferers and dog lovers alike. They are energetic, intelligent, and deeply affectionate dogs that bring all the terrier spunk without the hair (or the shedding). They are proof that you don’t need fur to be fabulous.

History and Origin: The Naked Truth

The American Hairless Terrier is the only hairless breed indigenous to the United States. Its history is a testament to the dedication of the Scott family. For decades, the Scotts worked tirelessly to stabilize the hairless gene and gain recognition for their dogs. They discovered that unlike the dominant hairless gene found in ancient breeds like the Xolo, the AHT gene is recessive.

• The Science: In other hairless breeds, the gene is dominant but lethal if a puppy inherits two copies (one from each parent). This leads to smaller litters and dental abnormalities.
• The AHT Advantage: Because the AHT gene is recessive, you can breed two hairless dogs together and get 100% hairless puppies with zero health risks associated with the gene. They have full sets of strong, white teeth and no congenital defects linked to their hairlessness.

The breed was developed from the Rat Terrier, and for many years they were registered as Rat Terriers. It wasn’t until 2016 that the American Kennel Club (AKC) fully recognized the American Hairless Terrier as a distinct breed in the Terrier Group.

Physical Characteristics

The AHT is a small to medium-sized terrier.

• Height: 12-16 inches (30-41 cm).
• Weight: 12-16 pounds (5-7 kg).

Distinctive Features

• Skin: Smooth and warm to the touch. It can be solid or spotted with any color.
• Ears: V-shaped and erect when alert.
• Tail: Tapers to a point.
• Eyes: Round and expressive.
• Body: Compact and muscular.

Temperament and Personality: The Feisty Friend

The AHT is a terrier.

• Energy: They have boundless energy. They love to run, dig, and chase.
• Intelligence: They are smart and learn quickly.
• Affection: They are deeply bonded to their family. They want to be with you all the time.
• Watchdog: They are alert and will bark at strangers.

Training and Exercise Needs

Exercise

The AHT needs daily exercise.

• Walks: A few brisk walks a day.
• Play: Indoor fetch and tug-of-war.
• Agility: They excel in dog sports.

Training

They are eager to please but can be stubborn.

• Positive Reinforcement: Use treats and praise.
• Socialization: Essential to prevent fear or aggression.

Health and Lifespan

AHTs are generally healthy, living 14 to 16 years.

• Sunburn: Their skin is unprotected. Use sunscreen or clothing.
• Skin Issues: Acne, rashes, and dryness can occur.
• Patellar Luxation: Slipping kneecaps.
• Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: Hip condition.
• Heart Murmurs: Occasionally seen.

Grooming and Care: Skincare 101

Owning an American Hairless Terrier is more like caring for a human child than a dog. While you don’t have to brush them or vacuum up fur, their skin requires daily attention.

• Sun Protection: This is critical. Their skin will burn just like yours. If they are going outside in the sun for more than a few minutes, they need sunscreen or protective clothing. Many owners opt for lightweight UV-blocking shirts.
• Cold Protection: They have zero insulation. If you are cold, they are freezing. A wardrobe is not a luxury for an AHT; it is a necessity. They need sweaters, pajamas, and coats for cold weather. They will often refuse to go outside in the rain or snow without gear.
• Bathing: Their skin produces oils that can accumulate and cause acne or clogged pores. They need regular bathing (every 1-2 weeks) with a gentle shampoo. An exfoliating glove can help remove dead skin cells.
• Moisturizing: If their skin gets dry and ashy, especially in winter, you will need to apply a non-comedogenic lotion (like high-quality coconut oil or a vet-approved moisturizer).
• Nails: Without hair to hide them, long nails look unsightly and can scratch their own bare skin when they itch. Keep them trimmed short.

Nutrition

AHTs have high metabolisms.

• Quality: High-quality kibble for small breeds.
• Skin Health: Omega-3 fatty acids help keep the skin healthy.

Is an American Hairless Terrier Right for You?

The AHT is a unique and wonderful companion.

Yes, if:

• You have allergies to dog hair.
• You want a smart, active dog.
• You are willing to manage their skin care.
• You want a deeply affectionate lap dog.

No, if:

• You want a low-maintenance dog (skin care takes time).
• You live in a very cold climate without heating.
• You want a quiet dog.
• You have small pets (prey drive).

For the right person, the American Hairless Terrier is a loyal, entertaining, and allergy-friendly best friend.