The Bolognese (pronounced bo-lo-nyay-zay) is the Italian aristocracy of the dog world. While often confused with their cousins—the Bichon Frise, Maltese, and Havanese—the Bolognese is a distinct and ancient breed with a personality all its own.

Named after the city of Bologna in northern Italy, these little white dogs have been warming royal laps for centuries. But they are not just decorative pillows. The Bolognese is known for its intelligence, its deep devotion to its owner, and a calmness that is rare in toy breeds.

If you want a small, fluffy dog that is less “busy” than a Bichon and more contemplative than a Poodle, the Bolognese might be the perfect secret you’ve been looking for.

History and Origin: The Gift of Kings

The roots of the Bolognese go back to Roman times. They are part of the “Barbichon” family of Mediterranean toy dogs. Throughout the Renaissance, they were the ultimate status symbol.

They were literally the gift of kings. King Philip II of Spain received two as a gift from the Duke d’Este and famously declared them “the most royal gift one can make to an emperor.” They appear in paintings by Titian and Goya, always looking fluffy and important.

• The Medici Connection: The powerful Medici family of Florence were avid breeders and often gave Bolognese puppies to noble families across Europe to strengthen political alliances.

As aristocracy declined, so did the breed. They nearly went extinct in the 20th century but were saved by a few dedicated Italian breeders. They remain a rare breed today, cherished by those “in the know.”

Physical Characteristics

The Bolognese is a small, stocky, and sturdy dog.

• Height: 10 to 12 inches.
• Weight: 6 to 10 pounds.

The Coat

This is their crowning glory. Unlike the curly coat of a Bichon or the silky coat of a Maltese, the Bolognese has a unique long, flocked coat.

• Texture: It forms loose, open ringlets or tufts all over the body. It feels like soft wool or cotton.
• Color: Pure white. No markings allowed.
• Non-Shedding: Like other Barbichon breeds, they have hair, not fur, and do not shed. They are considered hypoallergenic.

Temperament: The Serene Companion

Bolognese are defined by their calm devotion.

Less “Yappy”

Generally, they are quieter and less hyperactive than other small white breeds. They are playful, yes, but they also have a serious, contemplative side. They are happy to just sit and watch the world go by.

The “Velcro” Factor

They bond intensely with their person. They are not dogs that can be ignored. Separation anxiety is a real risk if they are not trained to be alone. They are “shadow dogs” who will follow you everywhere.

Reserved with Strangers

While friendly once they know you, they are naturally aloof with strangers. They will often stand back and observe before deciding if a new person is worthy of their attention. This makes them surprisingly good watchdogs (alerting, not aggressive).

Bolognese vs. Maltese vs. Bichon

It can be hard to tell them apart!

• Bolognese: Flocked/tufted coat. Calmest temperament. Square body.
• Maltese: Silky, straight coat. Very gentle and fearless. Slightly smaller.
• Bichon Frise: Powder-puff coat (trimmed round). Highest energy (“the cheerleader”).

Energy Level and Exercise

Bolognese are low-energy dogs.

• Daily Exercise: A couple of short walks and some playtime in the living room are sufficient. They are perfect for apartment living.
• Play: They can be quite comical when they play, performing “bolognese 500s” (running in circles) before collapsing for a nap.
• Travel: Because of their small size and calm demeanor, they make excellent travel companions. They fit easily in an under-seat carrier and are generally quiet in hotels.

Health and Lifespan

Bolognese generally live 12 to 14 years and are a healthy breed.

• Luxating Patella: Dislocating kneecaps.
• Eye Issues: Cataracts and PRA.
• Dental Disease: Small mouths mean crowded teeth. Daily brushing is essential to prevent decay and gum disease.

Grooming: The Fluff Maintenance

While they don’t shed, they mat.

• Brushing: You must brush them at least 3-4 times a week (daily is better). The soft coat tangles easily.
• No Trimming?: In the show ring, the Bolognese is shown in a “natural” state—no trimming or sculpting allowed (unlike the Bichon). The hair is just brushed out to stand in a cloud.
• Pet Clips: Most pet owners opt for a “puppy cut” to make life easier.
• Eye Cleaning: Tear staining is common. Wipe the face daily.

Is a Bolognese Right for You?

Yes, if:

• You work from home or are retired and can spend all day with your dog.
• You live in an apartment.
• You want a calm, affectionate lap dog who isn’t hyperactive.
• You suffer from allergies.

No, if:

• You work long hours away from home (separation anxiety).
• You have very young, boisterous children (they are small and can be injured).
• You want a running partner.
• You don’t have time for grooming.

The Bolognese is a rare treasure. They offer the beauty and portability of a toy breed with a depth of character and calmness that is truly unique. If you can find one, you will have a loyal friend who treats you like the royalty they were bred to serve.