The Pekingese isn’t just a dog; it’s a living artifact of imperial China. With a history stretching back over 2,000 years, these little dogs were bred to be the cherished companions of emperors and their families in the Forbidden City.

Often called “Lion Dogs” because of their profuse mane and fearless attitude, Pekingese seem to know their royal heritage. They are dignified, independent, and expect to be treated with respect. They are not fawning lap dogs who beg for affection; they are noble friends who might deign to sit on your lap if it pleases them.

But beneath that haughty exterior beats a heart of gold. To their chosen person, a Peke is fiercely loyal, affectionate, and surprisingly protective. They are big dogs in small bodies, unafraid to stand their ground against anything.

History and Origin: The Sleeve Dog

Legend says the Pekingese was created when a lion fell in love with a marmoset monkey. The lion asked the Buddha to shrink him down but let him keep his brave heart and big roar. The result was the Pekingese.

In reality, they were bred by Chinese eunuchs for centuries. They were considered sacred. Stealing one was punishable by death. The smallest ones, known as “Sleeve Pekes,” were carried inside the voluminous sleeves of the emperor’s robes.

When British troops looted the Summer Palace in Beijing in 1860 during the Opium Wars, they found five Pekingese guarding the body of the Emperor’s aunt (who had committed suicide). These dogs were taken to England. One was gifted to Queen Victoria and named “Looty.” This launched the breed’s popularity in the West.

Famous Peke: During the sinking of the Titanic, only three dogs survived. One was a Pekingese named “Sun Yat-sen,” owned by Henry Harper. Their small size and their owners’ devotion saved them.

Physical Characteristics

The Pekingese is a heavy, rolling toy dog. They are surprisingly dense—lifting one feels like lifting a rock.

• Weight: 7 to 14 pounds.
• Height: 6 to 9 inches.

The “Lion” Look

Their defining feature is their massive front and lighter hindquarters (pear-shaped). This, combined with their bowed front legs, gives them a unique “rolling” gait that is dignified and unhurried.

Coat and Color

They have a long, straight, coarse outer coat and a thick undercoat. The mane around the neck is profuse.

• Color: Any color is allowed! Gold, red, sable, black, white, cream, and parti-colors. They usually have a black mask.

The Face

They are brachycephalic (flat-faced). Their nose is set high between their large, dark eyes. This flat face contributes to their distinctive snoring.

Temperament: A Royal Attitude

Pekingese are independent, confident, and stubborn.

Not a “Yappy” Dog

They are generally quiet indoors. They don’t bark at nothing. But if a stranger enters, they will bark a deep, surprising warning. They are excellent watchdogs.

One-Person Dog

They tend to bond intensely with one person. They can be aloof or even snappy with strangers if handled roughly. They demand a proper introduction.

Stubbornness

Training a Peke is an exercise in diplomacy. They do not see the point of “Sit” or “Stay” unless there is something in it for them. You cannot force them; they will simply plant their feet and refuse to move.

Pekingese vs. Pug vs. Shih Tzu

The flat-faced trio often gets confused.

• Pekingese: The most independent and “cat-like.” Long hair, rolling gait.
• Pug: The clown. Short hair, goofy, loves everyone.
• Shih Tzu: The happy extrovert. Long hair (often clipped), friendlier than the Peke, less stubborn.

Energy Level and Exercise

Pekingese are low-energy dogs.

• Daily Exercise: A leisurely 20-minute walk is plenty. They are perfectly happy in apartments.
• Heat Intolerance: Because of their flat faces and heavy coats, they overheat very easily. They should not be exercised in hot weather. Air conditioning is a must.

Health and Lifespan

Pekingese generally live 12 to 14 years. Their unique anatomy creates specific risks:

• Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS): Breathing difficulties.
• Eye Issues: Their prominent eyes are prone to ulcers and “eye popping” (proptosis) if the neck is squeezed too hard. Never use a collar; always use a harness.
• Back Problems: Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is common due to their long backs. No jumping off high furniture!
• Skin Fold Dermatitis: The wrinkle over the nose must be cleaned daily to prevent infection.

Feeding Guide: The Picky Eater

Pekes can be notoriously picky eaters. They may turn their nose up at food if it isn’t presented correctly.

• Shallow Bowls: Their flat faces make eating from deep bowls difficult. Use a flat plate or a specially designed tilted bowl.
• Weight Management: Despite being picky, they can gain weight easily if fed too many high-value treats to bribe them. A heavy Peke is prone to back issues.

Grooming: The Imperial Mane

If you keep them in full coat, grooming is a daily task.

• Brushing: Daily brushing is required to prevent mats. The undercoat sheds heavily.
• The “Puppy Cut”: Many pet owners clip the coat short to make it manageable and keep the dog cooler.
• Face Care: Wipe the nose wrinkle and eyes daily.

Is a Pekingese Right for You?

Yes, if:

• You live in an apartment and want a calm companion.
• You appreciate a dog with dignity and independence.
• You are an adult or have older, respectful children.
• You don’t mind snoring.

No, if:

• You want a running partner.
• You live in a hot climate without AC.
• You want a dog that obeys instantly.
• You have small, boisterous children (Pekes do not tolerate rough handling).

The Pekingese is a special dog for a special owner. They are not subservient pets; they are royal guests in your home. If you treat them with the respect they deserve, they will reward you with a fierce loyalty and a love that has been cherished by emperors for millennia.