The Shih Tzu (pronounced “Sheed-Zoo” or “Sheet-Su”) is a little lion with a big heart. His name distinctively translates to “Lion Dog,” a nod to the lion-like appearance prized in Buddhist mythology. But don’t let the fierce name fool you—there is nothing ferocious about this breed. He is a lover, not a hunter.

He was bred for one purpose and one purpose only: to be a companion. He is an affectionate, happy, and outgoing house dog who loves nothing more than following his people from room to room. Whether kept in a full, flowing show coat or clipped into a sporty “puppy cut,” the Shih Tzu is a dog of immense charm and surprising sturdiness.

History and Origin: The Palace Pet

The Shih Tzu’s origins are ancient and shrouded in the mists of the Himalayas. DNA analysis places the Shih Tzu in the group of “ancient” breeds, meaning he is closely related to the wolf (though you would never know it looking at him). He was likely developed in Tibet by crossing the Lhasa Apso with the Pekingese. These small dogs were given as gifts to the Emperors of China.

Life in the Forbidden City

For centuries, the Shih Tzu lived the ultimate life of luxury behind the walls of the Imperial Palace in Beijing. The Emperors and their families valued them so highly that commoners were forbidden to own them. They were bred by palace eunuchs who competed to produce the most beautiful dogs with the most pleasing markings. When the British troops looted the Imperial Palace during the Second Opium War in 1860, most of the dogs were lost or killed. The modern breed descends from only 14 dogs (seven males and seven females) that were saved and brought to Europe. Every Shih Tzu alive today traces his lineage back to these 14 survivors.

Physical Characteristics: The Chrysanthemum Dog

The Shih Tzu is a sturdy little dog, surprisingly solid and heavy for his size. He is not fragile like some toy breeds.

• Height: 9–10.5 inches (23-27 cm).
• Weight: 9–16 pounds (4-7 kg).

Distinctive Features

• The Head: Broad and round, with a short muzzle.
• The Bite: He is undershot, meaning the lower jaw extends slightly beyond the upper.
• The Eyes: Large, dark, and round, placed well apart. They have a warm, human-like expression.
• The Tail: Heavily plumed and carried curled over the back.
• The “Chrysanthemum” Face: The hair on the nose grows upward rather than down. When the hair on the head is tied up in a topknot, the face resembles a chrysanthemum flower.

Coat and Color

The coat is luxurious, double, and flows like human hair.

• Texture: Dense and long.
• Colors: They come in almost any color. Gold and white, red and white, black and white, and solid black or liver are all seen. A white blaze on the forehead and a white tip on the tail are highly prized “Buddha’s marks.”

Temperament and Personality

The Shih Tzu is one of the most affectionate and adaptable breeds in existence.

The Lover

He assumes everyone is a friend. He will greet strangers with a tail wag rather than a bark. He is an excellent therapy dog because of his calm, friendly nature. He is a “lap dog” in the truest sense; his favorite place is on you.

The Adaptable Companion

He is just as happy in a mansion as he is in a studio apartment. He doesn’t need a huge yard; he just needs you. He is generally quiet indoors (unless the doorbell rings), making him a great choice for city living.

The Arrogant aristocrat

He knows he is royal. He can be stubborn and a bit entitled. If you ask him to get off the sofa, he might give you a look that says, “I think you mean your seat is on the floor.”

Training and Exercise Needs

Exercise: Low Maintenance

• Daily Needs: A short daily walk and some indoor playtime are all he needs. He is not a jogging partner.
• Heat Sensitivity: Like the Pug, he is flat-faced (brachycephalic) and cannot tolerate heat. In summer, air conditioning is mandatory. He can overheat and die quickly in hot weather.

Training: The Motivation Factor

• Food: He is highly food-motivated. Use treats to train him.
• Housebreaking: This is the breed’s Achilles’ heel. Many toy breeds are difficult to housebreak, and the Shih Tzu is no exception. Consistency, patience, and perhaps a covered potty area for bad weather are key.
• Jumping: Because he is front-heavy and has a long back, jumping off high furniture can cause injury. Pet stairs are a good investment.

Health and Lifespan

Shih Tzus are generally a long-lived breed, often reaching 10 to 18 years.

• Eye Issues: Their large, protruding eyes are prone to injury, cataracts, and drying out. You must check them daily.
• Brachycephalic Syndrome: Respiratory issues due to the short face. Snoring and snorting are common.
• Hip Dysplasia: Surprisingly common in the breed.
• Dental Issues: Small mouths mean crowded teeth. Daily brushing and regular professional cleanings are essential to prevent tooth loss.
• Renal Dysplasia: A kidney defect found in some lines.

Grooming and Care

If you own a Shih Tzu, you are in the grooming business.

• The Show Coat: If you want the long, flowing coat, you must brush him daily. The hair drags on the ground and picks up everything. The hair on top of the head must be tied up (topknot) to keep it out of his eyes (and his food bowl).
• The Puppy Cut: 95% of pet owners choose to keep the hair trimmed short (every 4-6 weeks) by a professional groomer. This makes him look like a forever puppy and is much easier to maintain.
• Face Cleaning: You must wipe his face daily. Tears can stain the hair under the eyes, and food can get stuck in the mustache.
• Ears: The drop ears trap moisture and need weekly cleaning.

Is a Shih Tzu Right for You?

The Shih Tzu is a dog that exists to love and be loved.

Yes, if:

• You want a devoted, cuddly companion. You want a dog that is always with you.
• You live in an apartment. He is the perfect roommate.
• You have children. He is sturdier and more patient than many toy breeds (though supervision is always required).
• You don’t mind grooming costs. You budget for the salon.

No, if:

• You want a running partner. He prefers a stroll.
• You want a guard dog. He might lick a burglar.
• You have no patience for potty training. It takes time.
• You want a “wash and wear” dog. He requires maintenance.

If you want a devoted friend who thinks you are the center of the universe and acts like a tiny emperor, the Shih Tzu is the perfect addition to your palace.